ITEM 401 – RAILINGS

401.1 Description

This Item shall consist of furnishing or fabricating and/or placing railings, for bridges and other structures of the material or combination of materials shown on the Plans, constructed in reasonably close conformity with this Specification and to the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans. Railings shall be classified as concrete, steel, aluminum or timber in accordance with the predominating material contained in each.

401.2 Material Requirements

401.2.1 Concrete

It shall conform to the applicable requirements prescribed in Item 405, Structural Concrete.

401.2.2 Reinforcing Steel

It shall conform to the requirements of Item 710, Reinforcing Steel and Wire Rope.

401.2.3 Steel

Structural steel consisting of steel and iron plates, shapes, pipes, fittings and castings shall conform to the requirements of Item 403, Metal Structures.

401.2.4 Aluminum

It shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 193, ASTM B 221 or ASTM B 308 or as called for on the Plans.

401.2.5 Timber

It shall conform to the requirements of Item 713, Treated and Untreated Timber.

401.2.6 Stones and Bricks

These shall conform to the requirements of Item 506, Stone Masonry and Item 704, Masonry Units.

401.2.7 Paint

It shall conform to the requirements of Item 709, Paints.

401.3 Construction Requirements

401.3.1 General

Railings shall be constructed to the lines and grades shown on the Plans and shall not reflect any unevenness in the structure. All railing posts shall be set plumb in hand or mechanically dug holes, unless driving is permitted. In the latter case, the manner of driving shall be such as to avoid battering or distorting of post. Post holes shall be backfilled with acceptable material placed in layers and thoroughly compacted. When it is necessary to cut post holes in existing pavement, all loose materials shall be removed and the paving replaced in kind. Bridge railings shall not be placed on a span until centering or false work has been removed, rendering the span self-supporting.

Rail elements shall be erected according to Plans and in a manner resulting in a smooth, continuous installation with laps in the direction of traffic flow. All bolts except adjustment bolts shall be drawn tight. Bolts shall be of sufficient length to extend beyond the nuts by more than 25 mm.

Where painting of railing component is specified, any damage to the shop coat of paint shall be corrected by an application of an approved rust-inhibitive primer prior to painting. Ungalvanized surfaces inaccessible to painting after erection shall be field painted before erection. The railing components shall be given the specified number of coats of paint uniformly applied by thorough brushing or by approved pressure spray.

Galvanized surfaces which have been abraded so that the base metal is exposed, threaded portions of all fittings and fasteners and cut ends of bolts shall be painted with two (2) coats of zinc-dust and zinc oxide paint.

401.3.2 Metal Railing

Fabrication and erection shall be done in accordance with the requirements of Item 403, Metal Structures. In the case of welded railings, all exposed joints shall be finished by grinding or filing after welding to give a neat appearance.

Metal railing shall be carefully adjusted prior to fixing in-place to insure proper matching of abutting joints, correct alignment and camber throughout their length. Holes for field connection shall be drilled with the railing in-place in the structure at proper grade and alignment. Welding may be substituted for rivets or bolts in field connections with the approval of the Engineer.

401.3.3 Concrete Railing

1. Railing Cast-In-Place

The portion of the railing or parapet which is to be cast-in-place shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of Item 405, Structural Concrete. Special care shall be exercised to secure smooth and tight fitting forms which can be rigidly held in line and grade and removed without injury to the concrete.

Forms shall either be of single width boards or shall be lined with suitable material to have a smooth surface which shall meet the approval of the Engineer or as shown on the Plans.

All moldings, panel work and bevel strips shall be constructed according to the detailed Plans with metered joints, and all corners in the finished work shall be true, sharp and clean-cut and shall be free from cracks, spalls and other defects.

2. Precast Railings

Moist tamped mortar precast members shall be removed from the molds as soon as practicable and shall be kept damp for a period of at least ten (10) days. Any member that shows checking of soft corners of surfaces shall be rejected.

Expansion joints shall be constructed as to permit freedom of movement. After all work is completed, all loose or thin shells of mortar likely to spall under movement shall be carefully removed from all expansion joints by means of a sharp chisel.

401.3.4 Wooden Railing

Wooden railing shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of Item 402, Timber Structures.

401.3.5 Stone and Brick Railing

The materials used in masonry brick railing and parapet and the work to be done shall conform to the requirements of this Specification. The workmanship shall be first class and the finished construction shall be neat in appearance and true to line and grade.

401.4 Method of Measurement

The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of linear meters of specified railing actually completed and accepted measured from center to center of end posts.

401.5 Basis of Payment

The accepted quality, measured as prescribed in Section 401.4, shall be paid for at the contract unit price for Railing, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials including all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete this Item.

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item Number	Description	Unit of Measurement
401	Railing	Meter