ITEM 703 – AGGREGATES

703.1 Fine Aggregate for Concrete and Incidentals

703.1.1 Concrete

Fine Aggregate for concrete shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M6, with no deleterious substances in excess of the following percentages:

Clay lumps                                                    3.0

Coal and lignite                                            1.0

Material passing 0.075 mm sieve              4.0

Other substances – as shown in the Special Provisions

Lightweight aggregate, if required or permitted by the Special Provisions, shall meet the pertinent requirements of AASHTO M 195.

703.1.2           Granular backfill filter material for underdrains and filler for paved waterways shall be permeable and shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 6, except that soundness tests will not be required and minor variations in grading and content of deleterious substances may be approved by the Engineer.

703.1.3           Aggregate for minor concrete structures shall be clean, durable, uniformly graded sand and gravel, crushed slag or crushed stone, 100 percent of which will pass a 37.5 mm sieve and containing not more than 5percent passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve.

703.2 Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete

Coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 80.

Lightweight aggregate, if required or permitted by the Special Provisions, shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 195, for the grading specified.

703.3 Aggregate for Portland Cement Treated and Stabilized Base Course

The crushed and uncrushed granular material shall consist of hard durable stones and rocks of accepted quality, free from an excess of flat, elongated, soft or disintegrated pieces or other objectionable matter. The method used in obtaining the aggregate shall be such that the finished product shall be as consistent as practical.

All materials passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) mesh produced in the crushing operation of either the stone or gravel shall be incorporated in the base material to the extent permitted by the gradation requirements. The plasticity index shall not be less 4 nor more than 10.

703.4 Aggregate for Untreated Subbase, Base or Surface Courses

Aggregate shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel. Materials that break up when alternately wetted and dried shall not be used.

Coarse aggregate is the material retained on the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve and shall have a percentage of wear of not more than 50 for subbase and not more than45 for Base and Surface Courses as determine by AASHTO Method T 96.Fine aggregate is the material passing the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve and shall consist of natural or crushed sand and fine mineral particles. The fraction passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve shall not be greater than 0.66 (two-thirds) of the fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve. For base courses, the fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 25 and a plasticity index not greater than 6, while for subbase course, the liquid limit shall not be greater than 35 plasticity index not greater than 12.

For surface courses, the fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 35 and a plasticity index not less than 4 or greater than 9.

All materials shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay.

When crushed aggregate is specified, not less than 50 mass percent of the particles retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have at least one fractured face.

Gradation of each designated size of aggregate shall be obtained by crushing, screening and blending processes as may be necessary.

Materials otherwise meeting the requirements of this Section will be acceptable whenever such materials produce a compacted course meeting applicable density requirements as specified in Subsections 200.3.3, 201.3.3, 202.3.3 and 203.3.6.

703.5 Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete

703.5.1 Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall be crushed stone, crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel and unless otherwise stipulated, shall conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M 79 – 74.

When crushed gravel is used, it shall meet the pertinent requirements of Section 2.1 and 3.1 of AASHTO M 62 – 74 and not less than 50 mass percent of the particles retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have at least one fractured face. The coarse aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined with other required aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the gradation required under the composition of mixture for the specific type under contract. Only one kind shall be used on the project except by permission of the Engineer.

703.5.2 Fine Aggregate

Fine aggregate passing the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall consist of natural sand, volcanic ash (lahar),stone, stone screenings or slag screenings or a combination thereof and unless otherwise stipulated shall conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M29 (ASTM D 1073). Fine aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined with other required aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the gradation required under the composition of mixture for the specific type under contract.

703.5.3 Open-Graded Asphalt Concrete Friction Course

Aggregate shall conform to Subsections 703.5.1 and 703.5.2 above and the following requirements. Relatively pure carbonate aggregates or any aggregates known to polish shall not be used for the coarse aggregate fraction (material retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve. In addition, the coarse aggregate fraction shall have at least 75 mass percent of weight of particles with at least two fractured faces and90 mass percent with one or more fractured faces, except that lightweight aggregates need not meet this requirement. The abrasion loss (AASHTO T 96) shall not exceed 40 mass percent.

703.5.4 Lightweight Aggregate (except slag)

Lightweight aggregate (except slag), if required or permitted by a Special Provisions, shall be manufactured by the rotary kiln process. The material shall consist of angular-fragments uniform in density and reasonably free from flat, elongated or other deleterious substances. The material shall show an abrasion loss of less than 45 mass percent when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96. The dry mass per cubic meter shall not exceed 1080 kg. After testing through five cycles of the magnesium sulfate soundness test, the loss shall not exceed ten (10) mass percent.

703.6 Aggregate for Bituminous Plant Mix Surfacing

Aggregate shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine. Target values for the intermediate sieve sizes shall be established within the limits shown in Table 703.1.

The Contractor shall submit the proposed target values in writing to the Engineer for approval. The target gradation is subject to confirmation testing in accordance with Section 307.2 before approval by the Engineer. Any changes in the target gradation are subject to confirmation testing in accordance with Section 307.2, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Engineer. No target gradation adjustment will be permitted during the span of a lot.

Table 703.1 Range of Gradation Target Values

Sieve Designation, mm	Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTOT 11 and T 27, exclusive of mineral filler
Range 25 (1 inch) 19 (3/4 inch) 4.75 (No. 4) 2.36 (No. 8) 0.075 (No. 200)	Range 100 100 50 – 60 38 – 48 3 – 7 The minimum for Sand Equivalent is 35

No intermediate sizes of aggregate shall be removed for other purposes without written consent of the Engineer.

If crushed gravel is used, not less than 50 mass percent of the material retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall be particles having at least one fractured face.

That portion of the composite material passing a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have a sand equivalent of not less than 35, as determined by AASHTO T 176, Alternate Method No. 2.

The aggregate shall show a durability index not less than 35 (coarse and fine) as determined by AASHTO T 210.

The material shall be free of clay balls and adherent films of clay or other matter that would prevent thorough coating with the bituminous material.

703.7 Aggregate for Hot Plant-Mix Bituminous Pavement

The provisions of Subsections 703.5.1, 703.5.2 and 703.5.3 shall apply. The several aggregate fraction for the mixture shall be sized, graded and combined in such proportions that the resulting composite blend meets one of the grading requirements of Table 703.2 as specified in the Schedule.

The gradings to be used will be shown in the Special Provisions, adjusted to reflect variations in aggregate densities.

The ranges apply to aggregates with bulk specific gravity values that are relatively constant throughout a grading band. When such values vary from sieve to sieve, such as with lightweight aggregates, the ranges for each sieve size shall be adjusted to reflect the variations.

703.8 Aggregate for Cold Plant-Mix Bituminous Pavement

The provisions of Subsections 703.5.1 and 703.5.2 shall apply.

703.8.1 Aggregate for Pavement

            The several aggregate fractions for the mixture shall be sized, graded and combined in such proportions that the resulting composite blends meet the respective grading requirements of Table 703.3 adjusted to reflect variation in aggregate densities.

703.8.2 Aggregate for Top Dressing

            The materials for the top dressing shall consist of dry sand, stone screenings or slag screenings so graded that at least 95 mass percent shall pass the 4.75 mm (No.4) sieve and not more than 40 percent shall pass the 0.300 mm (No. 50) sieve.

Table 703.2

Gradation Ranges – Hot Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements

(Mass percent passing square sieves, AASHTO T 11 and T 27)

Sieve Designation, Mm	Grading
	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
37.5 (1-1/2 inch) 25 (1 inch) 19 (3/4 inch) 12.5 (1/2 inch) 9.5 (3/8 inch) 4.75 (No. 4) 2.36 (No. 8) 1.18 (No. 16) 0.600 (No. 30) 0.300 (No. 50) 0.075 (No. 200)	100 95-100 75-95 - 54-75 36-58 25-45 - 11-28 - 0-8	- 100 95-100 68-86 56-78 38-60 27-47 18-37 11-28 6-20 0-8	- 100 95-100 68-86 56-78 38-60 27-47 18-37 13-28 9-20 4-8	- - 100 95-100 74-92 48-70 33-53 22-40 15-30 10-20 4-9	- - - 100 95-100 75-90 62-82 38-58 22-42 11-28 2-10	- - 100 - - 45-65 33-53 - - 10-20 3-8	- - - 100 95-100 30-50 5-15 - - - 2-5

703.9 Aggregate for Road Mix Bituminous Pavement

            Aggregates for road mix bituminous pavement construction shall be crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed or natural gravel which meet the quality requirements of AASHTO M 62 or M 63 for the specified gradation, except that the sodium sulfate soundness loss shall not exceed 12 mass percent.

            When crushed gravel is used, at least 50 mass percent of the particles retained on the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve shall have at least one fractured face. Gradation shall conform to Grading F of Table 703.2

703.10 Aggregate for Cover Coats, Surface Treatments and Bituminous Preservative Treatment

            Cover aggregate for type 2 seal coat (Item 303) shall consist of sand or fine screenings, reasonably free from dirt or organic matter.

            Aggregates for type 3 seal coat (Item 303) surface treatments or bituminous preservative treatment shall be crushed stone, crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel. Only one type of aggregate shall be used on the project unless alternative types are approved. Aggregates shall meet the quality requirements of AASHTO M78-74.

When tested in accordance with AASHTO T 182, (ASTM D 1664) aggregate shall have a retained bituminous film above 95 mass percent.

Aggregates which do not meet this requirement may be used for bituminous surface treatments and seal coats provided a water resistant film.

Lightweight aggregate, if required or permitted by the Special Provisions, shall meet the pertinent requirements of Subsection 703.5.4.

When crushed gravel is used, not less than 50 mass percent of the particles retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have at least one fractured face. Aggregates shall meet the gradation requirements called for in the Bid Schedule.

Table 703.3

Gradation Requirements – Cold Plant Mix Bituminous Pavement

(Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 27)

Sieve Designation		Bottom (Binder) Course	Wearing (Surface) Course
Standard, mm	Alternate US Standard
37.5	1-1/2”	100	-
25	1”	85 – 100	-
19 12.5	3/4” ½”	40 – 70 10 – 35	100 95 – 100
4.75	No. 4	4 – 16	15 - 40
2.36	No. 8	0 – 5	10 – 25
0.600	No. 30	-	4 – 13
0.300	No. 50	-	0 - 5

Table 703.4

Gradation Requirements for Cover Coats

(Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 27)

Sieve Designation		Grading designation with corresponding size No. from AASHTO M 43 (ASTM D 448) modified
Std. mm	Alt Us Std	A (No.5)	B (No. 6)	C  (No. 7)	D (No. 8)	E  (No. 9)	F  (No. 10)
37.5 25 19 12.5 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.075	1-1/2” 1” ¾” ½” 3/8” No. 4 No. 8 No.200	100 90-100 - 0-10 - - - 0-2	- 100 90-100 - 0-15 - - 0-2	- - 100 90-100 - 0-15 - 0-2	- - - 100 85-100 - 0-10 0-2	- - - - 100 85-100 - 0-2	- - - - 100 85-100 - 0-10

703.11 Blotter

Aggregate for blotter material shall conform to the gradation requirements of AASHTO M 43 (ASTM D 448), size 2.00 mm (No. 10). The aggregate shall be free from vegetable or other deleterious materials.

Table 703.5

Gradation Requirements for Bituminous Surface Treatments

(Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 27)

Sieve Designation		Grading designation with corresponding size No. from AASHTO M 43 (ASTM D 448) modified
Std. mm	Alt Us Std	A (No.5)	B (No. 6)	C (No. 7)	D (No. 8)	E (No. 9)	F (No. 10)
37.5 25 19 12.5 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.075	1-1/2” 1” ¾” ½” 3/8” No. 4 No. 8 No.200	100 90-100 20-25 0-10 0-5 - - -	- 100 90-100 20-55 0-15 0-5 - -	- - 100 90-100 40-70 0-15 - -	- - - 100 85-100 10-30 0-10 -	- - - - 100 85-100 10-40 -	- - - - 100 85-100 60-100 0-10

Table 703.6 - Gradation Requirements for Bituminous Preservative Treatment

Sieve Designation		Mass percent passing square mesh Sieves, AASHTO T 27
Standard mm	Alternate US Standard	Grading A	Grading B
19 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.075	¾” 3/8” No. 4 No. 8 No.200	- 100 45 – 80 28 – 64 0 - 12	100 - 45 – 80 28 – 64 0 - 12

703.12 Bed Course Material

Bed course material for sidewalks, paved waterways and curbing shall consist of cinders, sand, slag, gravel, crushed stone or other approved material of such gradation that all particles will pass through a sieve having 37.5 mm square openings.

Bed course material for slope protection shall be a porous, free-draining material consisting of sand, gravel, cinders, slag, crushed stone or other approved free-draining material. This material shall be uniformly graded and of such size that 100 percent of the material will pass through a sieve having 37.5 mm square opening.

703.13 Sheathing Material

Sheathing material shall conform to either (a) or (b) below:

a. Sound, durable particles of gravel, slag or crushed stone meeting the following gradation:

Sieve	Mass percent passing
75 mm (3”) 4.75 mm (No. 4) 0.075 mm (No. 200)	100 0 – 10 0 – 2

b. Clean noncementitious sand meeting the requirements of Subsection 703.1.2.

703.14 Aggregates for Subgrade Modification

The material shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of slag, stone or gravel, screened or crushed to the required size and grading. The material shall be visually free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay and shall meet the requirements for one of the gradings given in Table 703.7whichever is called for in the Bid Schedule.

That portion of the material passing a 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a plasticity index of not over 6, as determined by AASHTO T 90.

Table 703.7 

Grading Requirements – Aggregates for Subgrade Modification

Sieve Designation		Mass percent passing square mesh sieves using AASHTO T 27
Standard mm	Alternate US Standard	Grading A	Grading B	Grading C
75 37.5 25 4.75 0.075	3” 1-1/2” 1” No. 4 No. 200	100 - - 30 – 70 0 – 15	- 100 - 30 – 70 0 – 15	- - 100 40 – 80 5 - 20

Crushed slag shall consist of clean, tough, durable pieces of blast furnace slag, reasonably uniform in density and quality and reasonably free from glassy pieces.

703.15 Aggregates for Salt Stabilization

Aggregates for salt stabilized base course shall consist of hard durable particles or fragments of slag, stone or gravel, screened or crushed to the required size and grading.

That portion of the material passing a 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a plasticity index of not over 6, as determined by AASHTO T 90.

The material shall be visually free from vegetable matter or lumps or balls of clay and shall meet the requirements for one of the gradings given in Table703.8 as called for in the Bid Schedule.

Table 703.8

Gradation Requirements for Aggregates for Salt Stabilized Base Course

Sieve Designation		Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 11 and T 27
Standard, mm	Alternate US Standard	Grading A	Grading B
75 50 37.5 25 19 9.5	3” 2” 1-1/2” 1” ¾” 3/8	- - - 100 70 – 100 50 – 80	- 100 70 – 100 - 50 – 80 40 - 70
4.75 2.00 0.425 0.075	No. 4 No. 10 No. 40 No.200	35 – 45 25 – 50 15 – 30 7 - 15	30 – 60 20 – 50 10 – 30 7 -15

*           Gradation varies with top size of material and should be based on size of largest material used. For instance, if largest size is 50 mm, gradation should be under heading B; if 25 mm, under A.

703.16 Aggregates for Emulsified Asphalt Treated Base Course

Aggregate shall consist of coarse aggregate of crushed gravel, crushed slag or crushed stone, composed of hard, durable particles or fragments and a filler of finely crushed stone, sand, slag or other finely divided mineral matter. The portion of the material retained on a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall be known as coarse aggregate and that portion passing a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall be known as fine aggregate. The material shall meet one of the grading requirements of Table 703.9.

Table 703.9

Grading Requirements for Aggregates for Emulsified Asphalt Treated Base

(Mass percent passing square mesh sieves, AASHTO T 11 & T 27)
Sieve Designation		Mass percent passing square mesh sieves using AASHTO T 27
Standard mm	Alternate US Standard	Grading A	Grading B	Grading C
37.5 25 19 12.5 4.75 2.00 0.300 0.075	1-1/2” 1” ¾” ½” No. 4 No. 10 No. 50 No. 200	100 95 - 100 - - - 0 – 9 - 0 -2	100 95 – 100 50 – 85 - 26 – 59 17 – 48 - 2 – 10	- - 100 95 – 100 65 – 100 - 12 – 35 3 - 12

            If crushed gravel is used, not less than 65 mass percent of the coarse aggregate particles retained on a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall be particles having at least one fractured face.

Coarse aggregate shall have a percent of wear of not more than 35 at 500 revolution, as determined by AASHTO T 96.

The aggregate shall show a durability factor not less than 35 (coarse and fine) as determined by AASHTO T 210 (Production of Plastic Fines in Aggregates).

The material shall be free of clay balls and adherent films of clay or other matter that would prevent thorough coating with bituminous material.